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Cholesterol and its metabolites in physiology and pathology
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Academic year 2019/2020
- Teaching staff
- Dott. Paola Francesca Gamba (Titolare del corso)
Prof. Fiorella Biasi (Titolare del corso)
Prof.ssa Gabriella Marisa Leonarduzzi (Titolare del corso)
Prof. Giuseppe Poli
Dott.ssa Gabriella Testa (Titolare del corso)
Dott.ssa Daniela Rossin (Titolare del corso) - Degree course
- Ciclo XXXII
Ciclo XXXIII
Ciclo XXXIV
Ciclo XXXV - Teaching period
- Giornaliero
- Type
- Seminario
- Credits/Recognition
- 3
- Course disciplinary sector (SSD)
- MED/04 - patologia generale
- Delivery
- A distanza
- Language
- Inglese
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Sommario del corso
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Course objectives
The aim of these activities is to offer PhD students in Experimental Medicine and Therapy an up-date on current knowledge about cholesterol homeostasis and the involvement of cholesterol oxidation products, known as oxysterols, in the pathogenesis of major chronic inflammatory human diseases. In particular the lectures will focus on the main cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying atherosclerosis, AD, and IBD.
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Learning assessment methods
Final Test Examination.
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Program
Background
Cholesterol is of vital importance for cell membrane structure and function. Metabolites of cholesterol, such as bile salts, steroid hormones and cholesterol oxidation products, known as oxysterols, fulfill important biological functions. However, a growing bulk of evidence suggests that cholesterol oxidation products, known as oxysterols, are potentially involved in the pathogenesis of major chronic diseases, including atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Oxysterols are involved in various key steps of these complex processes, mainly thanks to their ability to act through up-regulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell toxicity. It is well documented that oxidative stress and inflammation are associated to hypercholesterolemia and they have been recognized as partners in crime in bringing about atheroma development and destabilization due to atherosclerosis. Oxidative stress, inflammatory mediator release, and altered cholesterol metabolism also appear to contribute significantly to the loss of neurons and synapses during the progression of neurodegenerative diseases, including AD, as well as the inflammatory and oxidative environment is generated by an impaired selecting mucosa-associated immune system to commensal/pathogenic microbiota and dietary antigens.
To better clarify the effects induced by oxysterols after their accumulation in the arterial wall, brain, and intestine, might help to develop innovative strategies to counteract the progression of atherosclerosis, AD, and IBD.
The activity will be structured in 5 lectures:
- Cholesterol and its metabolites in physiology (Prof. Giuseppe Poli, University of Turin) – 2 hours
- Altered cholesterol metabolism during the progression of Alzheimer’s disease (Dr Paola Gamba/Dr Gabriella Testa, University of Turin) – 2 hours
- Hypercholesterolemia as a major risk factor for atherosclerosis (Dr Gabriella Leonarduzzi/Dr Gabriella Testa, University of Turin) – 2 hours
- Lipid oxidation products in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (Dr Paola Gamba/Prof Fiorella Biasi) – 2 hours
- Innovative strategies to counteract the pathological effects of oxysterols (Dr Paola Gamba/Dr Gabriella Testa, University of Turin) – 1 hour
Suggested readings and bibliography
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- Gamba P, Staurenghi E, Testa G, Giannelli S, Sottero B, Leonarduzzi G. A Crosstalk Between Brain Cholesterol Oxidation and Glucose Metabolism in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci. 2019, 13:556.
- Sottero B, Leonarduzzi G, Testa G, Gargiulo S, Poli G, Biasi F. Lipid oxidation derived aldehydes and oxysterols between health and disease. Eur J Lipid Sci Technol. 2018: 1-16.
- Testa G, Rossin D, Poli G, Biasi F, Leonarduzzi G. Implication of oxysterols in chronic inflammatory human diseases. Biochimie. 2018, 153:220-231.
- Gargiulo S, Testa G, Gamba P, Staurenghi E, Poli G, Leonarduzzi G. Oxysterols and 4hydroxy-2-nonenal contribute to atherosclerotic plaque destabilization. Free Radic Biol Med. 2017, 111:140-150.
- Gargiulo S, Gamba P, Testa G, Leonarduzzi G, Poli G. The role of oxysterols in vascular ageing. J Physiol. 2016, 594(8):2095-113.
- Gamba P, Testa G, Gargiulo S, Staurenghi E, Poli G, Leonarduzzi G. Oxidized cholesterol as the driving force behind the development of Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci. 2015, 7:119. 7. Biasi F, Leonarduzzi G, Oteiza PI, Poli G. Inflammatory bowel disease: mechanisms, redox considerations, and therapeutic targets. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2013, 19(14):1711-47.
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Note
- 18 September 2020
- 22 September 2020
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